DORE UBURYO WAKORESHA SHEAR NA BENDING MU ISESENGURA RYA BEAM MU BWUBATSI

Shear force ni imbaraga zishaka gutema cyangwa guca beam mu buryo butambitse. Izi mbaraga ziterwa n’umutwaro uri hejuru ya beam n’aho ushyizwe. Iyo shear force iri hejuru cyane mu gice runaka, bisaba ko hongerwamo stirrups (shear reinforcement) zihagije kugira ngo beam idacika.

Bending moment yo ni imbaraga zituma beam igorama cyangwa igahengama. Iyo bending moment iri hejuru cyane hagati ya beam, bisaba ko hashyirwamo main reinforcement ihagije (ibyuma byo hasi cyangwa hejuru bitewe n’uburyo umutwaro uteye).

Aho bending moment iri zero, ni ho akenshi shear iba iri hejuru.

Mu kubara shear na bending moment, hifashishwa amahame ya static equilibrium (∑Fy = 0, ∑M = 0). Uko umutwaro uteye (uniform load, point load, cyangwa distributed load) bigira ingaruka ku ishusho ya SFD na BMD. Urugero, ku beam ifite uniform distributed load, bending moment iba ifite ishusho ya parabola, naho shear diagram ikaba umurongo ugabanuka buhoro buhoro.

Gusoma no gusobanukirwa SFD na BMD bifasha engineer kumenya aho gushyira ibyuma byinshi, aho kongera uburebure bwa beam, cyangwa aho kongera ubunini bwa section. Ibi bituma inyubako iba ifite umutekano kandi iramba.

Mu gusoza, Shear na Bending Moment Diagram si ibishushanyo gusa, ahubwo ni ibikoresho by’ingenzi mu kurinda inyubako gusenyuka no kwemeza ko umutwaro wose wakiriwe neza n’ibice byayo.